ADMINISTRATIVE DATA
refers to data that is collected by local, state and federal agencies. This data is often collected for monitoring purposes but can be used by researchers to create small area indicators. CCI is an acronym for comprehensive community initiatives. It refers to the current generation of efforts focused on comprehensive community development. These initiatives have the goal of promoting positive change in individual, family, and community circumstances in disadvantaged neighborhoods by improving physical, economic, and social conditions.

COMMUNITY BUILDING
is a principle that guides the work of CCIs. It places priority on a resident-driven approach that values local knowledge and participation in all stages of revitalization efforts, from initial goal setting through evaluation and policy change. It aims to strengthen and build capacity at the neighborhood level for a continuous process of local improvement.

CONSTRUCT VALIDITY
refers to how well an instrument measures a construct or hypothetical concept.

CONTENT VALIDITY
describes the degree to which the sample of items on a test are representative of a domain or universe of content.¹ In other words, do the items measure all aspects of what the test or instrument is supposed to evaluate?

CRITERION-RELATED VALIDITY
represents how well a test is able to predict what it purports to measure or how well it serves as an indicator of what it is supposed to measure.

DEFENSIBLE SPACE
refers to a theory that certain design features in the physical environment may discourage crime. (see Newman, 1972; Merry, 1981; Taylor et al., 1984; Fowler and Mangione, 1986; Coleman, 1989; Perkins, et al., 1992)

DISCRIMINANT VALIDITY
refers to the degree to which "measures of constructs that theoretically should not be related to each other are, in fact, observed to not be related to each other (that is, you should be able to discriminate between dissimilar constructs)".²

HARD COPY REPORTS
refer to data compiled into a report, and may reflect tabulations, as opposed to raw data that could be manipulated for secondary data analysis.

INTERNAL CONSISTENCY RELIABILITY
refers to the degree to which items that reflect the same construct yield similar results…how consistent the results are for different items for the same construct within the measure.³

INTERRATER RELIABILITY
refers to the level of agreement between different observers or raters assessing the same phenomena.

HOUSEHOLD
refers to a level of data collection that is based on the addresses of individual housing units.

LIKERT SCAKE
refers to a widely used questionnaire format named for Rensis Likert, its developer. Likert scales are typically used to measure attitudes, and consist of items that are considered to be relatively equal in importance to the underlying construct being measured. Likert-scaled questions are presented with several response options, each corresponding to a numeric value which can be summed to create a total score. A four-point Likert scale may present options such as "strongly agree," "agree," "undecided," "disagree," and "strongly disagree." Four- and seven-point scales are also used, but the five-point scale is most common.

PHYSICAL DISORDER
refers to signs of "incivilities", such as, litter, graffiti, vandalism, and unkempt housing.

RELIABILITY
refers to the consistency and accuracy of a measure each time it is used to measure the same thing.

SOCIAL DISORDER
refers to signs of "incivilities", such as prostitution, drug addicts, or youth gangs loitering on the street. There is empirical evidence that some incivilities are linked to residents' fear of crime (see Reppetto, 1974; Ahlbrandt and Cunningham, 1979; Skogan and Maxfield, 1981; Taylor et al., 1984 and Perkins, et al., 1993)

STRANDS
refer to the substantive areas in which CCIs focus their work. This term is used here to reflect the efforts of CCIs to "weave" together several substantive areas to achieve a comprehensive approach to community strengthening and revitalization.

TERRITORIALITY
refers to physical markers that signal ownership, monitoring and protection, such as, gardens, trees, shrubs, and yard decorations. There is empirical evidence that territoriality is related to greater social interaction, sense of community, less fear of crime, and fewer property violations. (see Becker, 1977, Brown and Werner, 1985, Taylor et.al., 1984, Brown and Altman, 1983, Perkins, et.al., 1993)

VALIDITY
refers to the extent to which a measure accurately reflects the thing that it is intended to measure. For example, school attendance records would not be a valid measure of students' employment experiences.

¹ Presley, Cheryl, A., Meilman, Philip W., and Lyerla, Rob. Alcohol and Drugs on American College Campuses Use, Consequences, and Perceptions of the Campus Environment, Volume I: 1989-91 Appendix B. Internet WWW page, at http://www.siu.edu/departments/coreinst/public_html/toc89.html.
² Trochim, William M. The Research Methods Knowledge Base, 2nd Edition. Internet WWW page, at URL:http://trochim.human.cornell.edu/kb/index.htm (version current as of January 02, 1999).
³ Ibid. Trochim